{"id":15088,"date":"2021-12-08T13:25:44","date_gmt":"2021-12-08T09:25:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/infonews.az\/?p=15088"},"modified":"2021-12-08T15:47:28","modified_gmt":"2021-12-08T11:47:28","slug":"faktlara-dayanan-tariximiz-ibtidai-icma-qurulusunda-qadinlar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/infonews.az\/?p=15088","title":{"rendered":"\u201cFaktlara dayanan TAR\u0130X\u0130M\u0130Z\u201d: \u0130btidai icma qurulu\u015funda qad\u0131nlar"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201cFaktlara dayanan TAR\u0130X\u0130M\u0130Z\u201d: \u0130btidai icma qurulu\u015funda qad\u0131nlar<\/span><\/p>\n

“\u0130NFONEWS”<\/span> <\/strong><\/a>-un Faktlara dayanan TAR\u0130X\u0130M\u0130Z\u201d layih\u0259si davam edir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan D\u00f6vl\u0259t \u0130qtisad Universiteti (UNEC) \u201cHumanitar f\u0259nl\u0259r\u201d kafedras\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259llimi, beyn\u0259lxalq tarix\u00e7i-ekspert tarix \u00fczr\u0259 f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 doktoru C\u0259mil\u0259 Vaqif q\u0131z\u0131 H\u018fS\u018fNOVA t\u0259qdim edir:<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

AZ\u018fRBAYCANDA QADINLARA VER\u0130L\u018fN D\u018fY\u018fR – \u0130BT\u0130DA\u0130 \u0130CMA QURULU\u015eUNDA<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yer \u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f insanlar \u00f6z h\u0259yat t\u0259rzl\u0259ri il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 z\u0259ngin bir tarixi-kulturoloji iz qoyub getmi\u015fl\u0259r. Ke\u00e7mi\u015f\u0259 aid olan maddi m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259r (\u0259\u015fyalar), yaz\u0131l\u0131 qaynaqlar bu g\u00fcn\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r qal\u0131r v\u0259 tariximizi, kulturoloji bax\u0131mdan \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259 imkan verir. Maddi m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259r \u0259sas\u0259n ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f yerl\u0259rind\u0259n v\u0259 q\u0259bir abid\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n \u0259ld\u0259 edilir. Yaz\u0131l\u0131 qaynaqlar, kitab\u0259l\u0259r is\u0259 qayalar, da\u015flar, s\u00fcm\u00fck v\u0259 gil l\u00f6vh\u0259l\u0259r, papirus v\u0259 s. \u0259\u015fyalar \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259dir.<\/p>\n

He\u00e7 d\u0259 t\u0259sad\u00fcfi deyildi ki, \u00fcst paleolit d\u00f6n\u0259mind\u0259n etibar\u0259n ana xaqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, y\u0259ni q\u0259bil\u0259 qurulu\u015fu yaranm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 q\u0259dim insanlar\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131nda qad\u0131n (ana) \u00f6n\u0259mli rol alma\u011fa ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f oldu. Bu tarixi hadis\u0259 q\u0259bil\u0259 qurulu\u015fu adlan\u0131r. Qadinlar: odu qoruyub saxlay\u0131r, d\u0259rid\u0259n paltar tikir, meyv\u0259 v\u0259 bitki k\u00f6k\u00fc y\u0131\u011f\u0131r, u\u015faqlar\u0131n qay\u011f\u0131s\u0131na qal\u0131r v\u0259 yem\u0259k haz\u0131rlay\u0131rd\u0131lar. Bu hal ibtidai icma qurulu\u015funun tunc d\u00f6n\u0259min\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r qalm\u0131\u015f oldu. Erk\u0259n tunc d\u00f6n\u0259mind\u0259 ana xaqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ata xaqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259v\u0259z edildi. Lakin, bu he\u00e7 d\u0259 qad\u0131n\u0131n rolunun azalmas\u0131 dem\u0259k deyildi. \u018fksin\u0259 q\u0259bir abid\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 v\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 qad\u0131n heyk\u0259ll\u0259rin\u0259 rast g\u0259linirdi. Qad\u0131nlar c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 eyni m\u00f6vqeyi da\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015f oldular. B\u0259s o zaman niy\u0259 ana xaqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ata xaqanal\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259v\u0259z olundu? \u00c7\u00fcnki erk\u0259n tunc d\u00f6n\u0259mind\u0259 toxa \u0259kin\u00e7iliyi x\u0131\u015f \u0259kin\u00e7iliyin\u0259 ke\u00e7id alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu \u00fczd\u0259n daha a\u011f\u0131r \u0259l \u0259m\u0259yin\u0259 ehtiyac yaranm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n

Maddi m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t abid\u0259l\u0259ri (ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f yerl\u0259ri, q\u0259bir abid\u0259l\u0259ri, qaya\u00fcst\u00fc t\u0259svirl\u0259r v\u0259 s.) v\u0259 t\u0259dqiqat n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259ld\u0259 edilmi\u015f materiallar (\u0259m\u0259k al\u0259tl\u0259ri, silahlar, b\u0259z\u0259k \u0259\u015fyalar\u0131 v\u0259 s.) q\u0259dim ke\u00e7mi\u015fi \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn son d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli tarixi-kulturoloji m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rdir. Bu abid\u0259l\u0259r vasit\u0259sil\u0259 q\u0259dim insanlar\u0131n ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f t\u0259rzi, istifad\u0259 etdikl\u0259ri \u0259m\u0259k al\u0259tl\u0259ri, ad\u0259t-\u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259ri, dini g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u0259ri haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumatlar \u0259ld\u0259 edilir, onlar\u0131n davran\u0131\u015f v\u0259 m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t h\u0259yat\u0131, m\u0259\u015f\u011fuliyy\u0259ti v\u0259 ictimai m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259ri kulturoloji bax\u0131mdan \u00f6yr\u0259nilir v\u0259 t\u0259dqiqat obyektin\u0259 \u00e7evrilir.<\/p>\n

Matriarxat – qad\u0131n\u0131n c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6vr 40 min il bundan \u0259vv\u0259l ba\u015flay\u0131b, e.\u0259. IV minilliyin sonlar\u0131nad\u0259k (t\u0259qrib\u0259n 37 min il) m\u00f6vcud olub.<\/p>\n

Arxeoloji ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259ld\u0259 olunan m\u0259lumata g\u00f6r\u0259, Alt Paleolit d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 insanlar\u0131n ilk m\u0259\u015f\u011fuliyy\u0259tl\u0259ri ov\u00e7uluq v\u0259 y\u0131\u011f\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q idi. Ma\u011farada y\u0131\u011f\u0131c\u0131l\u0131qla m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olan qad\u0131nlar vaxta\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ova da gedirdil\u0259r. Sonrak\u0131 d\u00f6vrd\u0259 oturaq h\u0259yat insanlar\u0131 k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259rilikd\u0259n ay\u0131r\u0131b bir \u0259razid\u0259 m\u0259skunla\u015fma\u011fa s\u00f6vq etdi. H\u0259yat t\u0259rzind\u0259 ov\u00e7ulu\u011fun yerini \u0259kin\u00e7ilik ald\u0131 v\u0259 bu, daha \u00e7ox qad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00f6hd\u0259sin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n i\u015f idi. D\u0259nli bitkil\u0259rl\u0259 tan\u0131\u015fl\u0131q, \u0259kin, bu\u011fdan\u0131n y\u0131\u011f\u0131laraq \u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fclm\u0259si v\u0259 bu \u0259n\u0259n\u0259nin yeni n\u0259sl\u0259 \u00f6yr\u0259dilm\u0259si qad\u0131nlar\u0131n sosial h\u0259yatda y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131rmaqla yana\u015f\u0131, v\u0259zif\u0259sini d\u0259 \u00fcst s\u0259viyy\u0259y\u0259 qald\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131. Art\u0131q ki\u015fi il\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 qad\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck qazanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00dcst Paleolit d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 ulu icma n\u0259sli-q\u0259bil\u0259 icmas\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259v\u0259z olundu. N\u0259sli-q\u0259bil\u0259 icmas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 qan qohumlu\u011fu il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 olan insanlar\u0131n birliyi t\u0259\u015fkil edirdi. \u0130nsanlar ana x\u0259tti il\u0259 qohumluq \u0259sas\u0131nda birl\u0259\u015fmi\u015fdil\u0259r. Bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 ki\u015fi n\u0259sli davam etdirm\u0259kd\u0259 \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n rolundan x\u0259b\u0259rsiz idi. Baxmayaraq ki, ata u\u015faqlar\u0131n ona ox\u015farl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr, amma bunun s\u0259b\u0259bini d\u0259rk ed\u0259 bilmirdi, onlar\u0131n yaln\u0131z anan\u0131n \u00f6vlad\u0131 oldu\u011funu anlay\u0131rd\u0131. Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n u\u015faqlar da \u00f6zl\u0259rini anan\u0131n \u00f6vladlar\u0131 hesab edirdil\u0259r. Bel\u0259c\u0259 soy ki\u015fi t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n deyil, qad\u0131n t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n tan\u0131nar, ki\u015fil\u0259r\u0259 is\u0259 sonsuz bir varl\u0131q kimi bax\u0131lard\u0131. Ki\u015fi evl\u0259ndikd\u0259n sonra qad\u0131n\u0131n tayfas\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00f6m\u00fcr s\u00fcr\u0259rdi. Qad\u0131n ki\u015finin yaln\u0131z qol g\u00fcc\u00fcnd\u0259n b\u0259hr\u0259l\u0259n\u0259rdi. Q\u0259bil\u0259nin h\u0259yat\u0131nda qad\u0131n m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynayard\u0131. U\u015faqlar\u0131n qay\u011f\u0131s\u0131na qalmaq, gil\u0259meyv\u0259 v\u0259 yaban\u0131 bitkil\u0259r toplamaq, odu qoruyub saxlamaq, yem\u0259k haz\u0131rlamaq v\u0259 s. qad\u0131nlar\u0131n i\u015fi idi. Q\u0259bil\u0259 icmas\u0131nda insanlar ana x\u0259tti il\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fdiyin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 bu d\u00f6vr ana xaqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (matriarxat) d\u00f6vr\u00fc adlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Amma \u0259kin\u00e7iliyin inki\u015faf\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 x\u0131\u015fa ke\u00e7id v\u0259 heyvandarl\u0131q t\u0259dric\u0259n qad\u0131n\u0131n sosial g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ki\u015fiy\u0259 \u00f6t\u00fcrm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b oldu. Tamamil\u0259 oturaq h\u0259yata ke\u00e7id is\u0259 qad\u0131nlar\u0131n sosial g\u00fccl\u0259rinin itirilm\u0259sin\u0259 g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xard\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ox ke\u00e7mir ki, ki\u015fi d\u0259 u\u015faqlar\u0131n d\u00fcnyaya g\u0259lm\u0259sind\u0259ki rolunu anlayaraq \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc onlar\u0131n \u0259sas sahibi kimi tan\u0131y\u0131r. Bu vaxtdan etibar\u0259n qad\u0131n\u0131 tamamil\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 tabe edir, ail\u0259nin ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6z ixtiyar\u0131na al\u0131r. Bel\u0259c\u0259, a\u011f\u0131r z\u0259hm\u0259t v\u0259 fiziki g\u00fcc t\u0259l\u0259b ed\u0259n x\u0131\u015f \u0259kin\u00e7iliyinin yaranmas\u0131, k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259ri (yaylaq-q\u0131\u015flaq) maldarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n meydana g\u0259lm\u0259si, h\u0259m\u00e7inin tayfalar-aras\u0131 toqqu\u015fmalar\u0131n ba\u015flanmas\u0131 ictimai h\u0259yatda ki\u015fil\u0259rin n\u00fcfuzunun artmas\u0131na t\u0259sir edir. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 icma h\u0259yat\u0131nda ki\u015fil\u0259rin m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ata xaqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (patriarxat) d\u00f6vr\u00fc ba\u015flay\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cFaktlara dayanan TAR\u0130X\u0130M\u0130Z\u201d: \u0130btidai icma qurulu\u015funda qad\u0131nlar “\u0130NFONEWS” -un Faktlara dayanan TAR\u0130X\u0130M\u0130Z\u201d layih\u0259si davam edir. Az\u0259rbaycan D\u00f6vl\u0259t \u0130qtisad Universiteti (UNEC) \u201cHumanitar f\u0259nl\u0259r\u201d kafedras\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259llimi, beyn\u0259lxalq tarix\u00e7i-ekspert tarix \u00fczr\u0259 f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 doktoru… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":15089,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,4263,8,11],"tags":[4846,4848,15],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/infonews.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15088"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/infonews.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/infonews.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/infonews.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/infonews.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=15088"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/infonews.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15088\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15091,"href":"https:\/\/infonews.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15088\/revisions\/15091"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/infonews.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/15089"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/infonews.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=15088"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/infonews.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=15088"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/infonews.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=15088"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}