{"id":51568,"date":"2026-10-21T17:23:12","date_gmt":"2026-10-21T13:23:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/infonews.az\/?p=51568"},"modified":"2026-10-21T17:23:12","modified_gmt":"2026-10-21T13:23:12","slug":"fransadaki-bohran-h%c9%99m-d%c9%99-ai-nin-burokratik-institutlarinin-makroiqtisadi-siyas%c9%99tinin-t%c9%99rkib-hiss%c9%99sidir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/infonews.az\/?p=51568","title":{"rendered":"“Fransadak\u0131 b\u00f6hran h\u0259m d\u0259 A\u0130-nin b\u00fcrokratik institutlar\u0131n\u0131n makroiqtisadi siyas\u0259tinin t\u0259rkib hiss\u0259sidir”"},"content":{"rendered":"

“Fransadak\u0131 b\u00f6hran h\u0259m d\u0259 A\u0130-nin b\u00fcrokratik institutlar\u0131n\u0131n makroiqtisadi siyas\u0259tinin t\u0259rkib hiss\u0259sidir”<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00fcasir Fransada m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunan sosial-siyasi g\u0259rginlikl\u0259r ani v\u0259 m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti hadis\u0259 deyib. Bu, siyasi sosiologiya bax\u0131m\u0131ndan d\u00f6vl\u0259t aparat\u0131 il\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259t aras\u0131nda ill\u0259rdir d\u0259rinl\u0259\u015f\u0259n struktur uy\u011funsuzlu\u011funun n\u0259tic\u0259sidir. Fransa konstitusion qurulu\u015funa g\u00f6r\u0259 yar\u0131-prezidentli respublika olsa da, V Respublikan\u0131n idar\u0259etm\u0259 modeli Emmanuel Makronun d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 \u201chiper-prezidentlik\u201d v\u0259 q\u0259rarverm\u0259nin h\u0259ddind\u0259n art\u0131q m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si kimi xarakteriz\u0259 olunur. Y\u00fcrgen Habermas\u0131n “legitimlik b\u00f6hran\u0131” konsepsiyas\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, hakimiyy\u0259tin sabitliyi yaln\u0131z formal se\u00e7ki prosedurlar\u0131 il\u0259 deyil, q\u0259rarlar\u0131n sosial \u0259dal\u0259t v\u0259 ictimai konsensus prinsipl\u0259rin\u0259 uy\u011funlu\u011fu il\u0259 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. 2022-ci il se\u00e7kil\u0259rind\u0259 hakim koalisiyan\u0131n Milli Assambleyada m\u00fctl\u0259q \u00e7oxlu\u011fu itirm\u0259sind\u0259n sonra h\u00f6kum\u0259tin 2023-c\u00fc il pensiya islahat\u0131n\u0131 parlament s\u0259sverm\u0259sind\u0259n yan ke\u00e7\u0259r\u0259k Konstitusiyan\u0131n 49.3-c\u00fc madd\u0259si il\u0259 q\u0259bul etm\u0259si sosial m\u00fcqavil\u0259ni ciddi z\u0259d\u0259l\u0259yib.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

“\u0130NFONEWS”<\/strong><\/span><\/a> AZ\u018fRTAC-a istinad\u0259n x\u0259b\u0259r verir ki, bu fikirl\u0259r beyn\u0259lxalq \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259r \u00fczr\u0259 ekspert Bayram \u018fliyevin \u201cFransada sosial-siyasi b\u00f6hran\u0131n strukturu, institusional legitimlik, etiraz dinamikas\u0131 v\u0259 Avropa \u0130ttifaq\u0131n\u0131n normativ dilemmas\u0131\u201d s\u0259rl\u00f6vh\u0259li m\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 yer al\u0131b. M\u0259qal\u0259ni t\u0259qdim edirik.<\/p>\n

Sosial-iqtisadi g\u00f6zl\u0259ntil\u0259r v\u0259 xroniki idar\u0259etm\u0259 b\u00f6hran\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sosial-iqtisadi g\u00f6zl\u0259ntil\u0259r institusional dialoqla qar\u015f\u0131lanmad\u0131qda, y\u0131\u011f\u0131lan naraz\u0131l\u0131q k\u0259skin kollektiv etirazlara \u00e7evrilir. Fransada 2018\u20132019-cu ill\u0259rd\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f\u0131n bahal\u0131\u011f\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flayan “Sar\u0131 jiletlil\u0259r” (Gilets Jaunes) h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131, 2023-c\u00fc ild\u0259 pensiya ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 \u00fcmummilli t\u0259till\u0259r v\u0259 davaml\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259-i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0259f\u0259rb\u0259rliyi vahid tarixi-siyasi z\u0259ncirin h\u0259lq\u0259l\u0259ridir. \u0130cra hakimiyy\u0259tinin h\u0259mkarlar ittifaqlar\u0131 v\u0259 m\u00fcxalif\u0259t partiyalar\u0131 kimi vasit\u0259\u00e7i institutlarla kompromisd\u0259n yay\u0131nan texnokratik israr\u0131 siyasi q\u00fctbl\u0259\u015fm\u0259ni d\u0259rinl\u0259\u015fdirib v\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259ni xroniki idar\u0259etm\u0259 b\u00f6hran\u0131 il\u0259 \u00fcz-\u00fcz\u0259 qoyub.<\/p>\n

Siyasi kommunikasiya bax\u0131m\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259 aksiyalar\u0131nda ba\u015f ver\u0259n vandalizm hallar\u0131n\u0131n r\u0259smi diskursda \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lmas\u0131 ikiqat siyasi funksiya da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r. Bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, da\u011f\u0131nt\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u0259ri vasit\u0259sil\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik t\u0259\u015fvi\u015fi yarad\u0131laraq dinc t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259rin v\u0259 i\u015f\u00e7il\u0259rin haql\u0131 sosial t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rin\u0259 olan ictimai h\u0259mr\u0259ylik sars\u0131d\u0131l\u0131r, dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n is\u0259 etiraz h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131n\u0131n \u201cictimai asayi\u015f\u0259 t\u0259hdid\u201d m\u00fcst\u0259visin\u0259 ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si d\u00f6vl\u0259t aparat\u0131na dinc n\u00fcmayi\u015f\u00e7il\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 s\u0259rt polis m\u00fcdaxil\u0259sini, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n \u00e7evik motobriqadalar\u0131n (BRAV-M), g\u00f6zya\u015fard\u0131c\u0131 qazlar\u0131n, rezin g\u00fcll\u0259l\u0259rin t\u0259tbiqini v\u0259 k\u00fctl\u0259vi preventiv saxlan\u0131lmalar\u0131 h\u00fcquqi-siyasi c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n \u0259sasland\u0131rmaq imkan\u0131 verir.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0130cra hakimiyy\u0259tinin ictimai d\u0259st\u0259yinin k\u0259skin azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm se\u00e7ki m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rinin yax\u0131nla\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik aparat\u0131na arxalanma meyill\u0259ri d\u00f6vl\u0259t idar\u0259\u00e7iliyi n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259sind\u0259 x\u00fcsusi diqq\u0259t \u00e7\u0259kir. 2024-c\u00fc il n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259nk\u0259nar parlament se\u00e7kil\u0259rind\u0259n sonra yaranm\u0131\u015f institusional dalana dir\u0259nm\u0259 v\u0259 b\u00fcdc\u0259 b\u00f6hranlar\u0131 fonunda Prezident Makronun b\u0259y\u0259nilm\u0259 reytinqi sor\u011fularda 16\u201320 faiz h\u0259ddin\u0259 – prezidentliyi d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn tarixi minimumuna enib. Fransa Konstitusiyas\u0131n\u0131n 6-c\u0131 madd\u0259sin\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n, Makron ard\u0131c\u0131l iki prezidentlik m\u00fcdd\u0259tind\u0259n sonra 2027-ci il prezident se\u00e7kil\u0259rind\u0259 namiz\u0259d ola bilm\u0259s\u0259 d\u0259, hakim d\u00fc\u015f\u0259rg\u0259nin z\u0259ifl\u0259m\u0259si fonunda t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik ritorikas\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259rtl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si Karl \u015emitt v\u0259 Corco Aqambenin “istisna hal\u0131” (state of exception) n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259si kontekstind\u0259 ciddi m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259r do\u011furur. H\u00f6kum\u0259tin f\u00f6vq\u0259lad\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259t elementl\u0259rini adi qanunvericiliy\u0259 (“Daxili t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik v\u0259 terrorizml\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259” v\u0259 “Qlobal t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik” qanunlar\u0131) inteqrasiya etm\u0259si v\u0259 2024-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Yeni Kaledoniyada f\u00f6vq\u0259lad\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259t elan etm\u0259si inzibati qada\u011falar v\u0259 preventiv h\u0259bsl\u0259r vasit\u0259sil\u0259 m\u00fcxalif q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259r, t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259katlar\u0131 v\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259qil media \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259zyiq imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fl\u0259ndirib.<\/p>\n

Siyasi kommunikasiya elmind\u0259 “g\u00fcnd\u0259min d\u0259yi\u015fdirilm\u0259si” (agenda-setting) n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259si g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, daxili t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri kontekstind\u0259 g\u0259rginlik yaratmaq hakim elitan\u0131n hesabatl\u0131l\u0131q probleml\u0259rind\u0259n diqq\u0259ti yay\u0131nd\u0131rmaq funksiyas\u0131n\u0131 yerin\u0259 yetirir. Fransada \u00f6z\u0259l konsaltinq \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259rinin d\u00f6vl\u0259t idar\u0259\u00e7iliyind\u0259 rolu il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 Senat\u0131n ara\u015fd\u0131rmas\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 ortaya \u00e7\u0131xan “McKinsey i\u015fi” (d\u00f6vl\u0259t v\u0259saitl\u0259rinin qeyri-\u015f\u0259ffaf m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 x\u0259rcl\u0259nm\u0259si, vergid\u0259n yay\u0131nma v\u0259 2017\u20132022-ci il se\u00e7ki kampaniyalar\u0131n\u0131n maliyy\u0259l\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si \u00fczr\u0259 Milli Maliyy\u0259 Prokurorlu\u011funun a\u00e7d\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259hqiqatlar) v\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259kv\u0259zif\u0259li r\u0259smil\u0259r \u0259traf\u0131nda maraqlar\u0131n toqqu\u015fmas\u0131 iddialar\u0131 elitalara etimad\u0131 sars\u0131d\u0131b. K\u0259skin k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259 g\u0259rginlikl\u0259ri m\u0259hz bu maliyy\u0259-h\u00fcquqi ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar\u0131n ictimai g\u00fcnd\u0259md\u0259 ikinci plana ke\u00e7m\u0259sin\u0259 \u015f\u0259rait yarad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Fransadak\u0131 g\u0259rginlikl\u0259r h\u0259m d\u0259 A\u0130-nin m\u0259rk\u0259zi b\u00fcrokratik institutlar\u0131n\u0131n<\/strong><\/div>\n
makroiqtisadi siyas\u0259tinin t\u0259rkib hiss\u0259sidir<\/strong><\/div>\n

Fransada c\u0259r\u0259yan ed\u0259n sosial-iqtisadi g\u0259rginlikl\u0259r yaln\u0131z milli h\u00f6kum\u0259tin deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 Avropa Komissiyas\u0131 (Ursula fon der Lyayenin r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi alt\u0131nda) v\u0259 Avropa Parlamenti d\u0259 daxil olmaqla, Avropa \u0130ttifaq\u0131n\u0131n (A\u0130) m\u0259rk\u0259zi b\u00fcrokratik institutlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fctd\u00fcy\u00fc makroiqtisadi siyas\u0259tin t\u0259rkib hiss\u0259sidir. Br\u00fcsselin b\u00fcdc\u0259 k\u0259siri \u00fczr\u0259 s\u0259rt fiskal intizam t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259ri sosial rifah x\u0259rcl\u0259rinin azald\u0131lmas\u0131na v\u0259 pensiya sistemi kimi h\u0259ssas sah\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 qeyri-populyar islahatlar\u0131n apar\u0131lmas\u0131na birba\u015fa t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rir. \u0130an Mannersin “Normativ G\u00fcc Avropa” (Normative Power Europe) konsepsiyas\u0131 bax\u0131m\u0131ndan \u0259n k\u0259skin paradoks is\u0259 A\u0130 t\u0259sisatlar\u0131n\u0131n insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 meyarlar\u0131n\u0131 selektiv t\u0259tbiq etm\u0259sidir. BMT-nin \u0130nsan H\u00fcquqlar\u0131 \u015euras\u0131 v\u0259 A\u0130-d\u0259n m\u00fcst\u0259qil olan Avropa \u015euras\u0131 Fransa polisinin n\u00fcmayi\u015f\u00e7il\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 h\u0259ddind\u0259n art\u0131q g\u00fcc t\u0259tbiqini r\u0259sm\u0259n t\u0259nqid etdiyi halda, Avropa Parlamenti v\u0259 Avropa Komissiyas\u0131 bu pozuntularla ba\u011fl\u0131 susqunluq n\u00fcmayi\u015f etdirib. \u0130ttifaqdan k\u0259nar \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259n ki\u00e7ik insident\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259rhal q\u0259tnam\u0259l\u0259r q\u0259bul ed\u0259n A\u0130 qurumlar\u0131n\u0131n Parisd\u0259 dinc etiraz\u00e7\u0131lara qar\u015f\u0131 polis zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 k\u00fctl\u0259vi saxlan\u0131lmalar\u0131 \u201c\u00fczv d\u00f6vl\u0259tin daxili i\u015fi\u201d kimi qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndir\u0259r\u0259k g\u00f6rm\u0259zd\u0259n g\u0259lm\u0259si insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 mexanizml\u0259rinin selektiv geosiyasi al\u0259t\u0259 \u00e7evrildiyini g\u00f6st\u0259rir.<\/p>\n

Yekun olaraq, Fransada m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edil\u0259n sosial-siyasi b\u00f6hran h\u0259m milli s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 parlament mexanizml\u0259rini z\u0259ifl\u0259d\u0259n m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f icra modelinin, h\u0259m d\u0259 f\u00f6vq\u0259lmilli s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 Avropa \u0130ttifaq\u0131 b\u00fcrokratiyas\u0131n\u0131n d\u0259rin etimad b\u00f6hran\u0131d\u0131r. Sosial naraz\u0131l\u0131qlar\u0131n dialoq \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik t\u0259dbirl\u0259ri il\u0259 cavabland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, d\u00f6vl\u0259t v\u0259saitl\u0259rinin \u015f\u0259ffafl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0259traf\u0131nda t\u0259hqiqatlar v\u0259 Avropa t\u0259sisatlar\u0131n\u0131n ikili standartlar\u0131 Q\u0259rb siyasi modelinin b\u0259yan etdiyi demokratik prinsipl\u0259rin ciddi s\u0131naq qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda oldu\u011funu g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Davaml\u0131 sabitlik yaln\u0131z sosial m\u00fcqavil\u0259nin b\u0259rpas\u0131, \u015f\u0259ffaf hesabatl\u0131l\u0131q v\u0259 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 standartlar\u0131na ayr\u0131-se\u00e7kilik qoyulmadan \u0259m\u0259l edilm\u0259si il\u0259 t\u0259min oluna bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“Fransadak\u0131 b\u00f6hran h\u0259m d\u0259 A\u0130-nin b\u00fcrokratik institutlar\u0131n\u0131n makroiqtisadi siyas\u0259tinin t\u0259rkib hiss\u0259sidir” M\u00fcasir Fransada m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunan sosial-siyasi g\u0259rginlikl\u0259r ani v\u0259 m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti hadis\u0259 deyib. Bu, siyasi sosiologiya bax\u0131m\u0131ndan d\u00f6vl\u0259t aparat\u0131 il\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259t… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":51569,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4499,6,11,3],"tags":[15440,819,15],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/infonews.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51568"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/infonews.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/infonews.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/infonews.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/infonews.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=51568"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/infonews.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51568\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":51570,"href":"https:\/\/infonews.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51568\/revisions\/51570"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/infonews.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/51569"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/infonews.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=51568"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/infonews.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=51568"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/infonews.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=51568"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}